Happens when the lower esophageal sphincter does not close all the way. This results in acid, produced by the stomach, moving up into the esophagus.

The bony ridge or raised thickened border of the upper or lower jaw that contains the sockets of the teeth.

A medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections.

A specially trained medical professional that administers anesthesia.

Controls pain and maintains vital functions during surgery or other medical procedures.

Types of medications that destroy or slow down the growth of bacteria.

These are large Y-shaped protein produced by B-cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses

APGAR is a quick test performed on a baby at one and five minutes after birth. The one-minute score determines how well the baby tolerated the birthing process. The five-minute score tells the doctor how well the babyis doing outside the mother's womb.

A device that measures how well you breathe

To suck in, accidentally drawing material into the lungs.

A specialist in communication disorders stemming from a hearing impairment will assess and monitor hearing.

The study of hearing and hearing related disorders.

A cleft that affects both sides of the mouth or lip areas.

An abnormality in the bone or marrow.

In the case of a cleft, this surgical procedure involves taking a small amount of bone from one place (most often the hip) and placing it in the space of the cleft near the teeth.

A fissure in the upper lip due to fusion failure of the left and right sides of the lip tissue. It can occur side only or on both sides

A cleft palate is a split or opening in the roof of the mouth, it can affect the hard and/or soft palate.

Slang term for someone with a cleft lip and/or palate.

Medication used to treat infertility in women

The inner part of the ear responsible for hearing

Narcotic pain medicine used to treat mild to moderate pain.

A treatment that uses mild air pressure to keep the airway open; typically used by people who have breathing problems.

Relating to the cranium and the face

A birth defect in which one or more of the joints between the bones of the infant's skull prematurely, before the brain is fully formed.

A surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through an incision in the mother's abdomen and a second incision in the mother's uterus.

An upper lip with two strong curves in it.

A physical blemish or distortion.

Tape that pre-surgically reduces orofacial cleft for best possible surgical results. It gently guides the soft tissue and bone of the cleft lip and cleft palate into better position for repair.

A narrowed ear canal; one in which the eardrum can be viewed, but the canal is more narrow than normal.

Tiny cylinders placed through the eardrum to allow air into the middle ear. Often recommended when a person experiences repeated middle ear infection or has hearing loss caused by the persistent presence of middle ear fluid.

A program designed to improve outcomes for children with disabilities by providing early, appropriate, and intensive interventions.

Physicians trained in the medical or surgical management and treatment of patients with diseases and disorders of the ear, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck. (See also 'ORL').

Children whose current weight or rate of weight gain is significantly lower than that of children of similar age and gender.

A tube that may be put directly into the stomach through the abdominal skin if a person is having ongoing and serious trouble swallowing and can't get enough food or liquids by mouth. The tube allows internal feeding to occur by bypassing the mouth and esophagus.

A fistula occurs when the palate fails to fully heal and an opening or hole appears in the palate post palate surgery.

Denture adhesive cream; has been used for cleft children to keep a cleft device in.

When an infant or child refuses to accept food by mouth or when they are not accepting the developmentally appropriate amount, variety, or type of food by mouth.

A plastic surgery technique that is used to improve the functional and cosmetic appearance of scars

A tube placed in the stomach to provide another way to offer food and/or medicines or to vent the stomach for air or drainage.

The surgical placement of a feeding tube through the skin and the stomach wall, directly into the stomach

A feeding tube placed through a baby's nose to carry breast milk or formula to the stomach. Used for babies who cannot get enough nutrition by bottle or breast feedings alone.

When one or more genes or chromosomes are missing, mutated, or if extra are present, the proteins may not get made, may be made incorrectly, or too many may be made causing abnormal developmental and growth. Sometimes these abnormal genes or chromosomes are passed down from a parent or sometimes they occur spontaneously without reason.

The study of genes, their functions, and their effects.

An individual trained in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for patients with genetically-linked diseases.

A commercially prepared substance that is mostly water with a small amount of sugar added. The solution is pre-prepared and ready to feed. Many hospital nurseries have glucose water on hand for treatment of hypoglycemia.

Tiny tubes that are inserted in the ear to treat trapped fluid in the middle ear that can result in infection and hearing loss.

See 'Medela Special Needs Feeder'

The bony anterior part of the palate forming the roof of the mouth.

Too much amniotic fluid surrounding an unborn infant that can occur if the developing baby does not swallow and absorb amniotic fluid in normal amounts.

A condition characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and electrolyte disturbance.